Vodka as a denomination of acid in Russian chemical terminology of the 18th century
Abstract
The article deals with the issue of the lexical basis for the formation of Russian chemical terminology. The features of the use of the word vodka as a denomination of acid in the Russian chemistry language of the 18th century are shown. A comparative analysis of the history of the emergence and semantic development of the word водка / wódka in the Russian and Polish languages is presented, on its basis it is concluded that the word vodka is a lexical borrowing from the Polish language. In the 18th century, the active use of the word vodka ‘acid’ in original and translated treatises on chemistry is associated with the influence of the corresponding prototypes in European languages of science (Lat. aqua, Fr. eau, Germ. Wasser). It is also shown that at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, vodka as a term was forced out of scientific usage and replaced in the Lavoisier new chemical nomenclature with other terms.
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