What were the Russian volunteers of the 18th century (historical roots of the lexeme volunteer in Russian)

DOI
10.30842/26583755202203
Malyshev A. What were the Russian volunteers of the 18th century (historical roots of the lexeme volunteer in Russian) SHLL, Vol. 5. 2022 , 43–60
Abstract

The article is devoted to the history of the word “volunteer” in the Russian language of the 18th century. Based on the combination of the text‑centric and word‑centric approaches proposed by E.V. Generalova, common patterns in the development of the meaning, semantics and combinability of this word are revealed — both echoing with the modern understanding of volunteerism and significantly different from it. The materials of the 18th century show that in this case, borrowing the nomination did not mean a complete transfer of lexical meaning, because the extra linguistic factors in the 18th century Russia were different compared to Europe: the seme of participation in hostilities was involved, but the seme of voluntariness could practically not be realized. Consequently, it is possible to talk about the Russian volunteering of the 18th century only with certain reservations, mainly in a figurative sense.
References
  • Birzhakova E.E., Voinova L.A., Kutina L.L. Ocherki po istoricheskoi leksikologii russkogo yazyka XVIII veka. Yazykovye kontakty i zaimstvovaniya [Essays on the historical lexicology of the Russian languageof the 18th century. Language contacts and borrowings]. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1972. 431 p. (In Russ.)
  • Borisov S.A. Volonterskoe dvizhenie v teatralizovannykh predstavleniyakh i prazdnikakh: ot istokov k prazdnikam sovremennoi Rossii [Volunteer movement in theatrical performances and holidays: from the origins to the holidays of modern Russia] // Pokolenie budushchego. St Petersburg, 2020. P. 37–45. (In Russ.)
  • Vinogradov V.V. Ocherki po istorii russkogo literaturnogo yazyka XVII–XIX vekov [Essays on the history of the Russian literary language of the 17th–19th centuries]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1982. 528 p. (In Russ.)
  • Volnukhina N.V. Lingvokul’turnyi tipazh “volonter”: k voprosu izucheniya [Linguocultural type “volunteer”: to the question of studying] // Nauka. Obrazovanie. Lichnost’. 2014. Vol. 2. P. 83–87. (In Russ.)
  • Generalova E.V. Russkaya istoricheskaya leksikografiya: tekstotsentricheskii i slovotsentricheskii podkhody [Russian historical lexicography: text‑centric and word‑centric approaches] // Voprosy leksikografii. 2018. No 13. P. 7–22. (In Russ.)
  • Gorbushova S.M. K voprosu o genezise volonterskogo dvizheniya v Rossii [On the genesis of the volunteer movement in Russia] // Azimut nauchnykh issledovanii: pedagogika i psikhologiya. 2016. Vol. 5. No 4 (17). P. 101–104. (In Russ.)
  • Doskina A.N. Kontsept “volunteer” v angliiskoi lingvokul’ture [The concept of “volunteer” in English linguoculture] // Materialy nauchnoi sessii. Volgograd, 2017. P. 43–46. (In Russ.)
  • Zhil’tsova Ya.I. Dobrovol’cheskaya deyatel’nost’: vzglyad v istoriyu [Volunteer activity: a look into history] // Gumanitarnyi vestnik (Gorlovka). 2017. No 3–2. P. 51–56. (In Russ.)
  • Zhuikova K.A. Formirovanie obraza volontera posredstvom SMI [Shaping the image of a volunteer through the media] // Aktual’nye tendentsii sotsial’nykh kommunikatsii: istoriya i sovremennost’. Izhevsk, 2016. P. 217–219. (In Russ.)
  • Zhukova A.G., Mandrikova G.M. “Dobrovolets” i “volonter” v sovremennom sotsial’no‑politicheskom diskurse [“Dobrovolets” and “volunteer” in modern socio‑political discourse] // Obraz Rossii v usloviyakh informatsionnoi voiny kontsa XX — nachala XXI vv. Tendentsii obnovleniya politicheskogo diskursa. Magnitogorsk, 2017. P. 405–414. (In Russ.)
  • Il’ina Yu.N. Znachenie i upotreblenie slov DOBROVOLETS i VOLONTER v russkom yazyke (po dannym Natsional’nogo korpusa russkogo yazyka) [The meaning and use of the words DOBROVOLETS and VOLUN TEER in the Russian language (according to the National Corpus of the Russian language)] // Nauchnyi dialog. 2019. No 10. P. 159–171. (In Russ.)
  • Kalashnikova A.R., Fedoseeva D.D. Lingvokul’turnyi tipazh “sportivnyi volonter” kak sotsiokul’turnoe obrazovanie [Linguocultural type “sports volunteer” as a socio‑cultural education] // Nauka, obrazovanie, obshchestvo: aktual’nye voprosy, dostizheniya i innovatsii. Penza, 2022. P. 55–58. (In Russ.)
  • Malyshev A.A. Zhurnalistskie teksty XVIII veka kak istochnik materialov “Slovarya russkogo yazyka XVIII veka” [Journalistic texts of the 18th century as a source of materials of the “Dictionary of the Russian language of the 18th century”] // Rossiiskaya akademicheskaya leksikografiya: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya. St Petersburg, 2018. P. 285–293. (In Russ.)
  • Malysheva I.A. “Slovar’ russkogo yazyka XVIII veka”: poiski i resheniya [“Dictionary of the Russian language of the 18th century”: searches and solutions] // Istoriya, teoriya i praktika akademicheskoi leksikografii: yubileinyi sbornik nauchnykh statei. St Petersburg: ILI RAN Publ., 2022. P. 163–179. (In Russ.)
  • Nevolina Yu.S. Istoriya volonterskogo dvizheniya v Rossii [History of the volun‑teer movement in Russia] // Molodoi uchenyi. 2022. No 13 (408). P. 293–295. (In Russ.)
  • Oberemko O.A. Volonter ili dobrovolets: elementarnye ob’yasneniya dlya samoopredeleniya [Volunteer or dobrovolets: elementary explanations for self‑determination] // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2016. No 6 (386). P. 94–101. (In Russ.)
  • Petrina O.A. Volonterstvo v Rossii: etapy stanovleniya i prioritety razvitiya [Volunteering in Russia: stages of formation and priorities of development] // Munitsipal’naya akademiya. 2018. No 4. P. 156–160. (In Russ.)
  • Proekt XVIII 1977 — Slovar’ russkogo yazyka XVIII veka. Proekt [Dictionary of the Russian language of the 18th century. Project] / Otv. red. Yu.S. Sorokin. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1977. 164 p. (In Russ.)
  • Prokof’eva N.A., Shcheglova E.A. Mediaslovar’ klyuchevykh slov tekushchego momenta: leksiko‑semanticheskoe pole “koronavirus” [Media dictionary of keywords of the current moment: lexico‑semantic field “coronavirus”] // Novye slova i slovari novykh slov. 2020. St Petersburg, 2020. P. 190–202. (In Russ.)
  • Smolina K.P. Razvitie leksiki russkogo literaturnogo yazyka v Petrovskuyu epokhu (konets XVII — nachalo XVIII v.) [Russian literary language vocabulary development in the Peter the Great era (the end of the 17th — beginning of the 18th century)] // Istoriya leksiki russkogo literaturnogo yazyka kontsa XVII — nachala XIX veka. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1981. P. 25–115. (In Russ.)
  • Sorokin Yu.S. O “Slovare russkogo yazyka XVIII veka” [About the “Dictionary of the 18th century Russian”] // Materialy i issledovaniya po leksike russkogo yazyka XVIII veka. Moscow; Leningrad, 1965a. P. 5–42. (In Russ.)
  • Sorokin Yu.S. Razvitie slovarnogo sostava russkogo literaturnogo yazyka 30–90‑e gody XIX veka [Development of the vocabulary of the Russian literary language in the 30–90s of the 19th century]. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1965b. 565 p.
  • Sorokoletov F.P. Istoriya voennoi leksiki v russkom yazyke (XI–XVII vv.) [History of military vocabulary in the Russian language (11th–17th centuries)]. Moscow: Librokom Publ., 2009. 384 p. (In Russ.)
  • Ukazatel’ XVIII 1984 — Slovar’ russkogo yazyka XVIII veka. Pravila pol’zovaniya slovarem. Ukazatel’ istochnikov / Red. Yu.S. Sorokin. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 1984. P. 56–141. (In Russ.)
  • Fedulova I.V. Dobrovolets i volonter. Tozhdestvenny li eti ponyatiya? [Dobrovolets and volunteer. Are these concepts identical?] // Nauchnye tendentsii: Pedagogika i psikhologiya. St Petersburg, 2020. P. 11–13. (In Russ.)
  • Shayuk A.Yu. Leksiko‑semanticheskie sostavlyayushchie kontsepta VOLONTER v nemetskom yazykovom soznanii [Lexico‑semantic components of the concept of VOLUNTEER in the German language consciousness] // XXII Tsarskosel’skie chteniya. St Petersburg, 2018. P. 179–184. (In Russ.)
Keywords

historical lexicology

historical semantics

word history

volunteer

dobrovolets

PDF